Branched Chain Alkane Definition

An alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Heres what you need to know about the branched alkanes. Branched Alkane Definition A branched chain alkane or branched alkane is an alkane which has alkyl groups bonded to its central carbon chain. Branched alkanes contain only carbon and hydrogen (C and H) atoms, with carbons connected to other carbons by single bonds only, but the molecules contain branches (methyl, ethyl, etc.) so they are not linear.   How to Name Simple Branched Chain Alkanes There are two parts to each name of a branched alkane. You may consider these parts as prefix and suffix, branch name and stem name, or alkyl and alkane. The alkyl groups or substituents are named in the same way as the parent alkanes, except each contains the suffix -yl. When not named, alkyl groups are represented as R-. Here is a table of common substituents: Substituent Name CH3- methyl CH3CH2- ethyl CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2- pentyl Names are constructed in the form  locant  Ã‚  substituent prefix  Ã‚  root name according to these rules: Name the longest alkane chain. This is the longest string of carbons.Identify the side chains or branches.Name each side chain.Number the stem carbons such that the side chains will have the lowest numbers.Use a hyphen (-) to separate the number of the stem carbon from the name of the side chain.The prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, etc. are used when there is more than one alkyl group attached to the main carbon chain, indicating how many times the specific alkyl group occurs.Write the names of different types of alkyl groups in alphabetical order.Branched alkanes may have the prefix iso. Examples of Branched Chain Alkane Names 2-methylpropane (This is the smallest branched chain alkane.)2-methylheptane2,3-dimethylhexane2,3,4-trimethylpentane Different Methods of Representing Branched Alkanes Linear and branched alkanes may be represented using a: skeletal formula, showing only bonds between carbon atomsshortened structural formula, showing atoms, but no bondsfull structural formula, with all atoms and bonds depicted3-D model, showing atoms and bonds in three dimensions Importance and Uses of Branched Alkanes Alkanes do not readily react because they are saturated hydrocarbons. However, they can be made to react to yield energy or to make useful products. Branched alkanes are of particular importance in the petroleum industry. When provided sufficient activation energy, alkanes react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy, thus alkanes are valuable fuels.The process of cracking breaks longer chains alkanes into smaller alkanes and alkenes to increase octane number and to make polymers.C4-C6 alkanes may be heated with platinum or aluminum oxide catalysts to cause isomerism to produce branched chain alkanes. This is used to improve octane number.Reforming increases the number of cycloalkanes and benzene ring-containing hydrocarbons to improve octane number.

Obesity Is A Problem Of Obesity - 1836 Words

Thirty five percent, nearly one million people in the state of Arkansas, are obese.(â€Å"Overweight and Obesity Statistics† 1)As more and more states are on the rise with their obesity rates, with no signs of it slowing down. Obesity is quickly becoming a epidemic in the U.S, and the government is not making any moves to try and stop this problem. Due to reviewing many studies focused on the drastic effects of obesity, it is clear that obesity is a problem. But to many obesity is seen as a problem that can be easily fixed, and that it does not affect them beacause they don’t see them selfs as obese. However, they have forgeten the effects it has on children, the future generations of Americans, as well as the ways it can inderictly effect Americans. To solve this the U.S government, should impose a law that taxes foods that pass certain health restrictions. This will force people to reconsider what foods they cosume, as well the foods they purchase. This will begin th e processes of ending obesity, by first targeting the diets people have. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Obesity’s primary cause is due to the unhealthy nature of peoples diets, and how they don’t believe that their diet is un-healthy for them. In todays day and age, many people have false beliefs on what an healthy diet consistensts of. Because of the misrepresentations they have seen on public televison, social media, as well as their own doctors. The diet most Americans beleive is good for them, consisents of foods highShow MoreRelatedObesity : The Problem Of Obesity1643 Words   |  7 PagesTeen Obesity In Chicago Many Latino teens in Chicago suffer from what is called obesity. Throughout the Chicagoland, there are a variety communities that show health factor. In the Pilsen Community, obesity is highly defined in that area which determines the outlook on how Pilsen is in need of help for young teens to stay fit and lower the amount of obese teens that are in the Pilsen community. The problem would much simplier be not enough exercise or unhealthy foods that teens eat. However lackRead MoreThe Problem Of Obesity And Obesity1505 Words   |  7 Pagesabout Obesity, which has become one of the biggest issues in America. Obesity is the accumulation of unnecessary body fat. It is a lifestyle disease that is spreading fast worldwide. This disease is affecting individuals of all age, ethnicity, and gender. As we all know, America has an extended history of solving complex problems, but it seems like obesity has stuck with the American people. In the essay, called Politicians Want to tax us Thin, wri tten by Kyle Smith, she states, â€Å"We know obesity isRead MoreObesity : The Problem Of Obesity896 Words   |  4 PagesObesity the crisis Obesity is a major problem in America. This is a health problem that affects people of all the ages. Although this disease has always existed recently, has increased due by the lack of knowledge of the people. People who have this disease suffer not only of physical problems but psychological as well, such as low self-esteem, depression, and bullying. Other significant elements that contribute to obesity are stress, anxiety, and inactivity. You must be aware that obesity is aRead MoreObesity : The Problem Of Obesity1307 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years, obesity has become the number one preventable cause of death in the Unite States. This leads to the question; who’s to blame? Are the food companies to blame for the price of their fattening food or should we say the people paying to eat at these places daily are at fault for their own health issues? There is many controversies over this topic, but we’re going to discover who is actually the culprit to the lingering questions of the rise in obesity, for both adults and children. EveryoneRead MoreThe Problem Of Obesity And Obesity1163 Words   |  5 PagesOne contemporary problem of health is obesity. Obesity is considered a lifestyle disease since it is not infectious or contagious and because it is chronic. But since it is labeled as a lifestyle disease, many people, both lay people and experts, only look at overweight and obese individual’s lifestyles and criticizes them. But not to look at wider possibilities that could be having a great influence on this epidemic (Warwick-Booth, Cross, and Lowcock, 2012). This can be seen in how people talk aboutRead MoreObesity : The Problem Of Obesity2110 Words   |  9 Pages Obesity in Children by Jackie Vu†¨C02171413 Goldenwest College for Psyc G118: Lifespan Development Dr. Yvonne Valenzuela November 16, 2014  Obesity in Children The problem of obesity in children is a serious issue in the United States and across the world. Results of recent research indicated that approximately one quarter of children ages 2-5 and one third of children of school age are considered to be overweight or obese in the U.S. (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, Flegal, 2014). AccordingRead MoreObesity : The Problem With Obesity Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesMany Americans today face the problem with obesity. This happens to be one of the most concerned health problems in the United States and what is even worse is that the age group that we are most worried about is the young children. Certain measures are not being taken to protect the health of our children. The diet and physical activity have taken a turn for the worst. Those are the two main factors to a healthy lifestyle and when they aren’t being enforced at a young age then kids most likely aren’tRead MoreThe Problem With Obesity And Obesity995 Words   |  4 Pagesyou really know what is inside the can? Everything we put in our body effects us. From vegetables to doughnuts, everything carries nutritional facts with it. Some are better than others. But one thing is for sure; the nation is in a crisis with obesity. Weight gain is on a rise and more and more of the population is getting bigger and bigger. This can be credited to the nutritional value in the foods we eat. The food we are putting into our bodies is poisoning our population, creating diseases,Read MoreObesity : The Problem Of Pediatric Obesity Essay2132 Words   |  9 Pagesmedically referred to as childhood obesity. In recent years, policy makers and medical professionals have expressed alarm about the burgeoning problem of pediatric obesity in the United States. Consequently, extensive clinical pathological research has continuously been conducted to give answers and amicable solutions to reducing cases of this syndrome. While most concur that the issue it is a serious health issue, consensus resolves around appropriate responses to the problem. This literature review delvesRead MoreThe Problem of Obesity3993 Words   |  16 PagesThe Problem of Obesity Western Governors University Collegiate Level Reasoning and Problem Solving James Reed The Problem of Obesity Obesity is a major problem in American. Year after year, new diets are published, and new medications are hailed as wonder drugs that will take weight off with little physical effort, yet the problem still exists unabated. In testimony before the US Congress, Berzins (2001) asserted that, â€Å"[weight] is a complex result of heredity, culture and lifestyle

On a Tree Fallen Across the Road free essay sample

?The art of poetry is a very deep form of writing which, when executed properly, can be interpreted many different ways. â€Å"On a Tree Fallen Across the Road† by Robert Frost may seem like just a walk in the woods, but it is far from that. This poem is about a man who is faced with a fallen tree blocking his path and has no way of getting around it. In fact, the illustrated problem proves to bring on advancement rather than be an obstacle. Frost demonstrates this with problem solving, progression and demonstrates that problems create personal growth. Problem solving is a major factor of this poem. There are two different types of problems – physical and mental, this situation captures them both. A fallen tree blocking the path is a very concrete problem, but overcoming it requires both mental and physical abilities. In this case, the speaker is faced with a situation which requires evaluation to conquer. We will write a custom essay sample on On a Tree Fallen Across the Road or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"She likes to halt us in our runner tracks, And make us get down in a foot of snow Debating what to do without an ax† (Frost, lines 6, 7 and 8) This is very effective and makes the reader sit back and think of a solution. Many people would associate an axe to a solution of a fallen tree, but in this event, the speaker cannot – he must keep thinking. Sometimes you really have to dig deep for a solution and just do whatever it takes to attain it. In line 7, Frost uses very effective writing to describe what it takes to get to glory, because in most case, it is not the easiest thing to do. With all this said, problem solving is excellent for personal growth because it will help you attain what you desire. In addition, progression is very accurately illustrated in this poem. Frost really makes the reader think that even the smallest decision in life will affect us one way or another. At first, the speaker in this poem does not think he can get around the fallen tree, â€Å"Our passage to our journey’s end for good† (Frost, line 3), but soon realizes that with a little determination, he can and will get around it – â€Å"We will not be put off the final goal / We have it hidden in us to attain† (Frost, lines 10 and 11). There are many people that do not realise that with the right mindset, anything can be attained. The fallen tree in this poem represents life problems, which just need motivation to overcome. Any situation in life should be viewed the way the speaker views the fallen tree; the goal in mind and determination to achieve it. To summarize, progression and overcoming obstacle really does force mental growth. Lastly, Frost illustrates that, with a little thinking, problems are beneficial and create personal growth. When the speaker is faced with this obstacle, he must do whatever it takes to get to the solution. Anything that can be done, will be done in order to get around the problem, but sometimes, the solution is not as easy to attain as it may seem. Thinking outside the box is often necessary, and certainly beneficial, in many situations faced daily. Frost writes â€Å"We have it hidden in us to attain, / Not though we have to seize earth by the pole† (lines 11 and 12), these words of inspiration tell the reader that every human has the ability to overcome obstacles placed before them, and though sometimes this ability is challenging to uncover it can be done. What many people do not realise is that problems induce perseverance by mandating the need to overcome said problem, thereby creating personal growth. To conclude, Robert Frost’s â€Å"On a Tree Fallen Across the Road† can be interpreted many different ways. The use of problem solving, progression and explanation that problems create personal growth strongly enforce the main idea; the illustrated problem proves to bring on advancement rather than be an obstacle.

The Long

The English civil war occurring between 1642 and 1651 was a controversy between the executive headed by King Charles I, and the English legislature. In all his time of leadership, King Charles I had a perception that God Himself granted him leadership to lead England.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Long-Term Impact of the Revolution on Economic Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his dictatorial capacity, King Charles I refused to recall parliament and instead, went ahead to rule eleven years until when bankruptcy faced his regime. In order to raise money to run government affairs, King Charles I had to recall parliament to enact policies, which will see his regime acquire money through increased taxes. However, the angry members of parliament declined this offer and eventually, controversy ensued. The country was heading towards the worst. King Charles I decided to raid the House of Commons and managed to apprehend several members of parliament. There was high probability that war could ensue ant time. Since there were two warring sides, each citizen had to choose which side to support[1]. Consequently, divisions became nigh. Proprietors and rural folks backed the King even as rich businesspersons and urban dwellers became parliament lieutenants. The sequence of fortified disagreements and political machinations led into a bloody war that claimed lives of many people. Just like in any contest where there is a winner and a looser; parliament triumphed over King Charles I and deposed him. Although the war stopped, parliament went ahead to try King Charles I of treason and found him blameworthy. In 1649, the English monarchy collapsed as King Charles I died through execution while his son, King Charles II went on exile. The Commonwealth of England took over from the authoritarian English monarchy and continued up to 1653 when Oliver Cromwell led the Protectorate until his dea th in 1658. Oliver Cromwell played a significant role during the English Civil War, which saw England change its leadership structure from a monarchy to a republic. Later on, Oliver Cromwell ruled the ephemeral commonwealth of England before being the head of Protectorate between 1653 and 1658. Historical literature depicts Oliver Cromwell as a fascinating icon in the British history.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because, his leadership styles dominated incongruous verdicts for example, backing parliamentary system of governance, constitutional mandate to dissolve parliament, and supporting religious freedom but at the same time, assassinating heretics. The availability of plenty information on his ascendancy into British power alludes him as a historical personage[2]. Oliver Cromwell came from a family that owned large trucks of land. While studying at Cambridge, Oliver Crom well entered Puritanism and integrated his political, religious and personal life into an entity. The landed family decided to send Oliver Cromwell to parliament in order to represent their interests. The fact that Oliver Cromwell hailed from a family of landed gentry, saw him side with other parliamentarians to oppose the royalists. Astonishingly, in 1642, Oliver Cromwell malformed his political career and became an endowed military head notwithstanding his negligible understanding on military operations. Oliver Cromwell led the parliamentary troops (Roundheads) to defeat Charles I’s Cavaliers and finally took over. The long-economic struggle was now underway. The long serving feudal system composed of few aristocracies and Anglican Church goers who wanted to control land and richness. On the other side, there were Roman Catholics who never wanted anything to do with economic, social and scientific advancement. Roman Catholicism was the backbone of feudalism, which made Euro pe a single political system. King Charles I sided with Roman Catholics church and favored its taxation system. Nevertheless, this resulted into anger from Presbyterian bourgeoisie and commercial capitalists. Luckily, this faction composed several members in parliament. The feudal system could not allow expansion of trade and industries as businesspersons had to pay huge taxes imposed by the system. On the other hand, lack of scientific, social and economic growth acted as trade barriers. Feudal landowners suppressed the landed gentry that composed of middle families like that of Cromwell. Consequently, an economic crisis ensued in 1641 and later royal and parliamentarian war[3].Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Long-Term Impact of the Revolution on Economic Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cromwell led the Protectorate towards economic developments. As the Lord Protector, Cromwell dreamt of formi ng a stable nation and ensure peace reigned in a once war tone nation. Nevertheless, social reforms took precedent ahead of government jurisdictions. Cromwell wanted to reach out rich capitalists for economic development. He instituted reforms in the judicial system in order to quell the risen political animosity, reduced hefty taxation and formed diplomatic relationship with the Dutch aimed at concluding First Anglo-Dutch War. Secondly, Cromwell engaged in communal and ethical reorganizations aimed at liberty of conscience and religious sanctity. Additionally, although favoring evangelical Puritanism as the best mode to worship, his desire to economic development saw Cromwell accept Jewish worship. This is because; the Jews were rich people who had led Holland into economic success. In fact, Cromwell encouraged them to return from Holland in order to set up the basis of economic recovery thwarted by the English Civil War. The main aim of doing this was to end feudalism and instead, replace it with capitalism. The revolution was imperative because, it commenced British capitalism that led to industrial revolution and expansion of trade regionally and internationally. Historians do agree that the Cromwell regime though marred with some acts of authoritarianism, laid economic basics, which made Britain an economic powerhouse by nineteenth century. The British bourgeoisie led by Cromwell instituted a powerful revolution whose principal role was to oust feudalism favored by royalists, large landowning nobilities and upper crust Anglican Church members[4]. Historical legitimacy accounts Cromwell together with his army troops as the people behind British capitalism. Cromwell targeted the lower class constituting majority and who felt economic hardships more than any class to ensure triumph over the old order and monarchy.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In schools, students learn that Cromwell fought the monarchy in order to end feudalism, which had led to economic stagnation. Without this revolution, Britain would not have set long-term economic development enjoyed today by Britons. Although majorly viewed by many as a constitutional clash between the monarch and parliament, the interregnum period saw alteration from feudalism to long-term economic development through capitalism. It is from the Cromwellian regime that parliament controls British economy even up to today. In a number of occasions, the bourgeoisie rule instituted by Cromwell regime has controlled economic oppressions like hefty taxations and instead enacted policies that favor liberation of the plebeian. With time, the capitalist order became archaic and in its place, Her Majesty’s Parliament has established long-term economic development. Nevertheless, this is an economic reality coming from the revolution led by Cromwell revolution. Although Cromwell died i n 1658, later on war ensued even as monarchy triumphed this time round, the revolution remained imperative towards economic, social and scientific progress hence, long-term economic developments. Bibliography Hughes, Ann. The Causes of the English Civil War. London: Macmillan publishers, 1991. International Communist League. â€Å"Oliver Cromwell and the English revolution.† Workers Vanguard No. 918. 1 August 2008. Web. Sherwood, Edward. Oliver Cromwell: King In All But Name, 1653-1658. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. The Cromwell Association. â€Å"Causes of Civil War.† 3 February 2005. The Cromwell Website. Footnotes The Cromwell Association. â€Å"Causes of Civil War.† 3 February 2005, The Cromwell Website. Ann Hughes, The causes of English Civil War (London: Macmillan Publishers, 1991), 1-22. Edward Sherwood, Oliver Cromwell: King In All But Name, 1653-1658 (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1997), 3-28. International Communist League. â€Å"O liver Cromwell and the English revolution.† Workers Vanguard No. 918, 1 August 2008. This essay on The Long-Term Impact of the Revolution on Economic Development was written and submitted by user Kaylin Hernandez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Verb Tense Chart free essay sample

Portrays an action or state of being that took place before the time when the sentence is written. We will write a custom essay sample on Verb Tense Chart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I WAS I RAN I ATE HE SMILED PAST PERFECT Shows that the verb’s action was completed at some time before another past event. It consists of the word had plus the past participle of the verb. I HAD BEEN I HAD RUN I HAD EATEN HE HAD SMILED SIMPLE PAST PROGRESSIVE The past progressive is used to talk about an activity that was in progress at a specific point of time in the past. The emphasis is on the duration of the activity in the past. I WAS BEING I WAS RUNNING I WAS EATING HE WAS SMILING PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE This tense is used to emphasize the duration of an action that was completed before another action or event in the past. I HAD BEEN I HAD BEEN RUNNING I HAD BEEN EATING HE HAD BEEN SMILING SIMPLE PRESENT Used to describe an action or state of being that occurs at the time the sentence is written. I AM I RUN I EAT HE SMILES SIMPLE FUTURE Portrays an action or state of being that will occur sometime after the sentence is written. It is often formed with the word will. I WILL BE I WILL RUN I WILL EAT HE WILL SMILE FUTURE PERFECT Indicates that by the time of a specified future event, the verb’s action will have been completed. It is formed by adding the past participle of the verb to the words will have. I WILL HAVE BEEN I WILL HAVE RUN I WILL HAVE EATEN HE WILL HAVE SMILED SIMPLE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE This tense is used to describe an event or action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future. I WILL BE I WILL BE RUNNING I WILL BE EATING HE WILL BE SMILING FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE This tense describes an action that has been in progress for a duration of time before another event or time in the future. I WILL HAVE BEEN I WILL HVE BEEN RUNNING I WILL HAVE BEEN EATING HE WILL HAVE BEEN SMILING PRESENT PERFECT Indicates that the verb’s action began in the past and continued up until the time the sentence was written. It is formed by adding the word have. I HAVE BEEN I HAVE RUN I HAVE EATEN HE HAS SMILED SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE The present progressive can also be used to describe an action that is occurring in the present, but is temporary. I AM BEING I AM RUNNING I AM EATING HE IS SMILING PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE This tense is used to describe the duration of an action that began in the past and continues into the present. I HAVE BEEN I HAVE BEEN RUNNING I HAVE BEEN EATING HE HAS BEEN SMILING THE VERB – TO BE TO BE First Person Second Person Third Person First Person Plural Second Person Plural Third Person Plural past I was You were He, She, It was We were You all were They were present I am You are He, She, It is We are You all are They are future I will be You will be He, She, It will be We will be You all will be They will be

critique 4 (1) Essays (669 words) - Philosophy, Free Essays

critique 4 (1) Essays (669 words) - Philosophy, Free Essays Philosophy in Relation to Science, Religion, and Mythology Sidney Wright Howard University Philosophy in Relation to Science, Religion, and Mythology Karl Jaspers in Philosophical World Orientation shows the reader the contrast between philosophy and science, mythology, and religion. Philosophy is a broad field of knowledge while in science, there is no specific matter of the study; it lacks the "character" and "positivity" of religion (Jaspers ,296), and it involves to advanced thought for mythical tales. Science is a very subjective ( Jaspers 256) matter. Whenever you trying to experiment with science there has to be an object as a whole(Jasper 257). In other words, whenever you use science there must be something that you are attempting to manipulate. Science is a "cogent knowledge In other words it is logic and can be understood easily through experience and senses'(Jasper 78). Philosophy however works with many concepts or ideas that may not always be "testable. Philosophy can exist with no objects, while if objects were to disappear from the earth science would disappear as well. Science discusses, an object" while Philosophy gives that object a voice" With that being said, philosophy and science has very few distinctions because science is a step stone to philosophy. Science gives you a foundation of knowledge based on a object, but philosophy takes that expounds on it. Based on the authors description I believe Jaspers would define Philosophy as a concept that can help inv ent or publicize a commodity. Philosophy and religion has their own unique differences as well. Jasper believes that religion has positive character while philosophy lacks character"(Jasper 69 ) In other words religion no matter what it may be, gives people tangible evidence of hope in sacred texts and rituals such a prayer. Religion promises positive rewards such as eternal life If you follow certain rules. Not only does following the rules of your religion guarantee you eternal life , but it also promises blessings on Earth. Religion also answers some of the most controversial questions about the meaning of liff and other questions that could disturb someone's soul. Although philosophy attempts to answer questions regarding the meaning of life and attempts to grasp humanity's purpose" it is very different from religion. It has no sacred text, or special rituals . There is no place for anyone who practices philosophy to gather as a community. It is a completely independent journey that encourages freedom o f thought rather than the rules that religions promotes Philosophy doesn't have character because "it deals with reality instead of hopeful thought. So while the questions and answers asked in religion and philosophy may be similar, religion will alway has the same answer where philosophy may not because it is ever changing ''.Based on. Jaspers descriptions I believe he would also define Philosophy as a idea that has the power to control other while not giving them strict guidelines to follow. Lastly mythology and philosophy are different because philosophy is more relevant than mythology. Although mythology is a respectable work of literature ultimately it is only stories or tales made to question reality and meaning behind the phenomena of life.'' Philosophy does this as well, but in a way that is intellectually stimulating. It involves critical thinking, logical analysis to reach a place of total knowledge . Mythology "provides the human experience "(Jasper 125) but it does not measure to the level of thought that philosophy requires. Therefore mythology isn't a useful resource when questions about humanity and human extinction arise. Compared to religion, science and mythology i believe that The author believes philosophy quenches the thirst of knowledge more than any other subject . All of the other entities are just stepping stones reaching for the total Knowledge that is philosophy. Jaspers, Karl. Philosophy . University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Individual Project week 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Project week 2 - Assignment Example This is because of the manner in which some of these foods are prepared, and the kind of ingredients used to prepare them. Jade Safe restaurant has since found a gap in the market where people now need to turn to healthy selected and prepared foodstuff. Jade will, therefore, major in preparation of those kinds of foodstuffs that promote healthy living and has little to do with food related diseases. It is the desire for every American citizen to find some fast food in the restaurants, but more so, for the food to be healthy. Obesity has made most Americans succumb to several other diseases such as hypertension, cardiac arrest, and high blood pressure among others. Therefore, most Americans are now taking heed of junk and unhealthy food. They are trying to go the safe way where lean food are replacing the fatty-sweet fast food normally found in the restaurants. However, it is not easy to find such lean meals in the restaurants. Then came the idea that was seized by Jade entrepreneurs to start-up this restaurant that will bridge this gap, by providing safe and healthy meals to Americans. It is true that Jade will get into this business when already there are various restaurants preparing meals and are well known in the market. However, through the two main segmentation strategies of involving the customers demographic and behavioral characteristics, Jade will stay on top of the competition in the industry (Bournemouth 2013). Under the demographic characteristics, the customers will be classified in terms of age where we will have children, the youth, and the adults. In this manner, there will be specific preparation of food in focus of what is good for each particular segment or group. Under customer behavior, we will have them grouped under holiday meals, quick takeaways and self-service. Under the holiday category, there will be special

Article # 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article # 1 - Essay Example The article shows that fixed annual financial subscriptions are capable of sustaining HIE and at the same time ensure financial gains are realized to all the participants. From the findings of the article, it is notable that the HIE pricing approaches and recommendations will always depend on the characteristics of the study. The modeling approach can be effective and applicable to different populations. This offers useful insights for the pricing policies and the implementation guidelines to promote recommendations for proper financial allocations. The article explore an analytical approach to ensure the societal savings have been quantified for effective health information exchange thereby making it applicable in designing policies and best incentives for a sustainable HIE. The study is effective because it offers effective approaches and knowledge of the major ideas and concepts that can be adopted towards the realization of the best health information exchange. This will help to promote the best health financial allocations and decisions thereby making the process successful. The quality of the information is significant towards better health coordination and financial management. Different societies can find the discussion in the article relevant for effective financial management and better HIEs. Sridhar, S., Flatley, P., Wright S. & Robinson, S. (2012). Optimizing financial effects of HIE: A multi-party linear programming approach. Journal of American Medical Information Association. Available at

The Comission of the new Saint Peter's, and the role of Indulgences Research Paper

The Comission of the new Saint Peter's, and the role of Indulgences behind it - Research Paper Example The deceit and effectiveness of papacy and priests led to chief uprisings. This resulted to splitting and restructuring of the cathedral. With Martin Luther of Germany, came the rebirth of another ideology of protestant church. Indulgence brought world’s supreme brain works and talents of Michelangelo, Bramante, Bernini and Raphael together. They were all working headed for a universal objective, which is creating the most magnificent and religious location in the world. Michelangelo, the chief architect of St Peters, at the time did an inspirational work even to the unbelievers. He goes ahead and says despite corruption and materialism, the basilica was worth it all. Indulgence applies only to the living (Justice 189). The church perceives its authority at faultless and self-proclaims itself as flawless and righteous yet it evidently shows shocking rate of power abuse and failings. In the medieval times the church sold indulgences to build a sanctuary. This does not justify church doctrines and in particular papacy pentagram of administration of the church and magisterium’s judgments. The Catholic Church exquisitely kept from chance of error in her ultimate teaching on matters of devotion and morality yet in those trying times, the church fell contradictorily with its doctrines and mitigated restrictions of infallibility in papacy. The church teaches that avoidance of worldly riches, rule and possessions as an attribute of spiritual livelihood ironically. The popes and the early churchmen funded the building of the cathedral from self-indulgence, corruption and misuse of power. The church taught that prayer and normal supplication in the sacraments might save man from everlasting damnation instead of God’s grace as quoted by Luther. The church granted indulgence paid in coins approved by Pope Adrian 1 in 780 (Pastor 234). This meant that one could commit

Theories for superiority and success

Theories for superiority and success Adler felt behaviour was motivated mainly by social influences and by a striving for superiority or success; power being the basic drive, rather than sexuality as Freud suggested. Adler (1922) said it was an inferiority complex rather than Oedipus complex that was the determining factor in neurosis. Freud felt that society rose out of aggression and sexual repression, formulating his Oedipus theory to illustrate it. He assumed experience shaped personality and that present behaviour is caused by past experiences. Adlers view was that we are responsible for who we are and behaviour is shaped by our experiences and view of the future, the opposite to Freuds theory. Adler also believed that psychologically healthy people behave consciously, aware of what and why they do what they do, in contrast with Freud, who placed heavy emphasis on unconscious components of behaviour. (Anne Shyne 1942) Adler (1917) studied organ inferiority as a doctor and the physical compensations made for a part that wasnt working properly. He felt people are born with weak, inferior bodies that lead to feelings of inferiority and dependence on others. He said that if a person managed to compensate properly for inferior feelings then they will pass through this phase successfully and become a mentally healthy person. On the other hand if the person fails to compensate for their weakness they may develop an inferiority complex believing themselves less worthy than others. In his mind it was physical inferiorities, not sex, which formed the foundation of human motivation. Along with his inferiority theory he developed his aggression instinct theory; aggression begins with feelings of inferiority or anxiety within the family-our earliest social contacts. Freud disagreed at the time, however proposed a similar idea some years later: the death instinct, where self defeating behaviours, e.g. violence and aggression, are a product of this instinct. (Boeree 2006) Feist.J, Feist, G, (2008) wrote that both Freud and Adler were influenced by the horrors of World War I and both amended their theories; Freud promoted aggression as a basic human drive alongside the sex drive, whereas Adler, influenced by the war experience for himself and those around him, concluded that social interest and compassion drove human motivation and not aggression. He used the term masculine protest, which implied a power to dominate others. Boys wanted to be seen as masculine i.e. strong and in charge, not weak or dependent (feminine), but this was misinterpreted labelling men innately as more assertive, so Adler downgraded the phrase (Boeree 2006), minimising its role in his theory of abnormal development. Masculine assertiveness was not due to some innate superiority but a reflection of the fact that boys were socially encouraged to be assertive, and girls discouraged; seen with boys toys e.g. swords, guns and bow and arrows, and girls toys such as dolls, prams and d olls houses. Adler revised his idea to both boys and girls begin life with the capacity for protest. Feist, J., Feist, G. (2008). Adler (1964) identified certain factors of Individual Psychology to explain our behaviour: 1. Striving for success or superiority is the driving force. 2. Subjective perceptions shape behaviour and personality. 3. Personality is unified and self-consistent. 4. Social interest dictates activity. 5. The self-consistent personality structure develops into a persons style of life. 6. Creative power moulds this style of life. The one dynamic force behind peoples behaviour is the Striving for Superiority or Success: Adler (1956) proposed our behaviour is driven by only one motivating force striving for success or superiority. In his early theory, he used the term striving for superiority to describe psychologically unhealthy people who strive for personal superiority over others, but he later proposed the term striving for success, i.e. psychologically healthy people who are motivated by social interest, not just for themselves but for others around them. Individual psychology assumes that we have physical weaknesses that activate feelings of inferiority, and it is these feelings that drive us to superiority or success and enable us to fulfil our potential. This has similarities to Rogers theory of self-actualisation and the fully functioning person and reflects one of the philosophical roots of Friederich Nietzsches will to power i.e. human driving forces, such as ambition and achievement, to reach as high a position of in life as possible. (Boeree 2006). Inferiority complex, where an adult feels inferior to others, is only developed if a child thinks that he is less worthy than others. For example, if tall men are seen as better in a particular culture, then short men might develop inferiority complex because he feels that he is less important than others. But, if that same short man lived in a culture that made no difference between both tall and short men then he would have never developed inferiority complex. A more general form of inferiority is the inferiority of children who are smaller and less competent, socially and intellectually than adults, and so naturally feel inferior. An inferiority complex can be expressed as shy and timid, insecure, indecisive and submissive, reliance on others, even manipulating others to get support; the aim is to cover up ones inferiority by pretending to be superior, e.g. bullies who try to look hard or use their size or weapon to intimidate a smaller or unarmed person. More subtle examples include people who use attention-seeking behaviour, or power by committing crimes, or put others down for their gender, race, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, weight, height, etc. Even more subtle are those who hide their feelings of worthlessness in alcohol and drugs. People respond to inferiority by compensation ie making up for their shortcomings; a weak organ can be made stronger or other organs can be overdeveloped to compensate, similarly people with psychological inferiorities behave similarly: Some compensate by becoming good at their particular weakness, whilst others master something else. Children, who we know feel inferior around adults, have one thing in common: The desire to grow up, to be big, to be an adult. Most of us manage quite well (Boree 2006). People who see themselves as having more than their fair share of physical weaknesses overcompensate for them and often have exaggerated feelings of inferiority, strive for personal gain, and set unrealistic goals they are not team players, whereas those with normal feelings of inferiority compensate by co-operating with others and developing a good level of social interest. Peoples subjective perceptions shape their behaviour and personality: Adler was influenced by the philosopher Hans Vaihinger (1925) who said people live by fictional ideals that arent realistic and cant be tested or confirmed, eg Honesty is the best policy, All men are created equal, and The end justifies the means. Ideals such as these are usually fiction; fictionalisms can help us deal more effectively with reality, or they may block our attempts to accept it. For example, if we believe in heaven and hell, it will influence how we live. According to Adler (1956) we strive toward a final goal to achieve superiority or success. Although the final goal is fictional it is still significant because it unifies personality and makes our behaviour logical. We create our fictional goal, constructed by heredity and environment, using our creative power, i.e. our ability to shape our behaviour and create our own personality. By 4 or 5 years of age, childrens creative power has developed enough to create their final goal; they are small and powerless and to compensate they create their fictional goal to be big and strong e.g. children often play at being super heroes, or want to be a fireman when I grow up. A final goal reduces feelings of inferiority and points that person in the direction of either superiority or success. Although our final goal is relatively fixed during early childhood, we remain free to change our minds at any time. Because the goal is fictional and unconscious, we also create temporary goals i.e. sub-goals that are not rigidly bound to the final goal but are created as partial solutions. In other words, even though our final goal is set during childhood, we are capable of change at any point in life. However, Adler maintained that not all our choices are conscious and that style of life is created by conscious and unconscious choices; the unconscious being the unknown part of the goal. Sub- goals and final goals fit together in a self-consistent pattern. Adler (1956) used the analogy of the playwright who builds the characters and the subplots of the play to fit with the final goal of the drama. When the last scene is disclosed everything makes sense. When our final goal is known, our behaviour makes sense and each sub-goal takes on new significance. Adler (1956) said that lifestyle is not merely a mechanical reaction, but a result of our creative power, which differs from Freud who proposed that events from our past, such as childhood trauma, determine how we are now. Adler saw motivation, as not being driven by the past, but drawn towards our goals, our future, and our ideals, Teleology: Life is not mechanical, it is hard and uncertain but always has room for change (Boree 2006). Personality is unified and self-consistent: Adler didnt separate the parts of the personality as Freud did with Id, Ego and Super Ego, or conscious/pre-conscious/unconscious. He described a unified personality which cant be separated, not a series of drives and instincts, as proposed by Freud. He saw the unconscious and conscious as two cooperating parts of one unified system. A united personality being closely linked to the fictional final goal by which we organises our life to achieve a solution to a problem. I.e. a person has goal and a solution to get there, developed in childhood and handed to the adult as the major life task, all these parts work together self-consistently to achieve. Adler recognised different ways of operating with unity and self-consistency. One way was what he called Organ Dialect, where the individual strives in a self-consistent fashion toward a single goal, and all actions and functions are part of this goal, i.e. physicality, thoughts, feelings all affect the entire person. Adler (1956) said that through organ dialect, the bodys organs: Speak a language which is usually more expressive and discloses the individuals opinion more clearly than words are able to do (p. 223). He presented an example of organ dialect; a boy who wet the bed to convey a message that he doesnt want to obey his parents. His behaviour is: really a creative expression, for the child is speaking with his bladder instead of his mouth (p. 223). A person is not a different person when he is being a dad, a husband, working, or when he is with friends etc, he is the same person pursuing the same life goals and using the same tactics to achieve them; i.e. he is a single, unified, complete person. Unlike Freud, Adler did not view parts of the personality in conflict with each other; instead he saw actions, thoughts, and feelings working together. Human activity in terms of social Interest: Social interest is how we identify with society, i.e. care in families, community etc. Adler believed such social interest is not solely innate or solely learned, but a combination of the two: Its nature is innate but needs to be nurtured to survive (Boeree 2006). Adler (1927) felt it was the natural inferiority of individuals that directs their behaviour to form groups (society) for protection, support, love etc. That is, social interest is necessary for perpetuating the human race. Adler (1924) believed that we were social beings: The human being and all his capabilities and forms of expression are inseparably linked to the existence of others concluding that a social person is much closer to happiness than the isolated person striving for superiority. Adler (1933) cited the mutually beneficial relationship of mother and child as an example of the way social interest may originate. Adlers concept of the mother-child relationship was opposite to that of Freud, who described this relationship as based partly on oral, cannibalistic drives. The self-consistent personality structure develops into a Life Style: Life-Style refers to an individuals striving towards meaning and belonging. It is a pattern of behaviour that begins early in life and forms a theme there-on. It is the result of inferiorities, perceived or actual, and results in the implementation of schemes e.g. Adlers final goal to overcome death propelled him to become a doctor. (NCHC 2012) Life style is unique to each person and is the arrangement of our social, domestic and occupational activities. Although the final goal is fairly rigid, lifestyle need not be and flexibility and diversity is seen in psychologically healthy individuals, whereas, psychologically unhealthy people are more inflexible and are less able to choose new ways of responding to whats going on around them. Healthy people express their social interest through action; actively striving to solve what Adler called the three life tasks work, friendship and love, and whose behaviour represents the ideal characteristics for survival of society, and hence humankind. How we behave to achieve life style and final goal is supported by private logic, i.e. the private reasoning we invent to solve problems that is not understood by others. An individuals private logic consists of what he really believes and intends. It includes the long-range goals of the life style, the short range goals of the immediate situation, and the rationalisations he gives himself for what he is doing. The origin is in childhood; it explains ones own experiences to self, which is then used to justify ones actions, eg a child learns how to behave to get an adults attention which may be to misbehave. Private logic differs from what is commonly thought, i.e. common sense à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the degree of the discrepancy between private logic and common sense, what Adler called the iron logic of social living, is an indicator or measure of mental health. (Manaster, 2009, p. 5) Therapy draws awareness of mistaken beliefs or faulty interpretations, and hence, the errors in our private logic. Life Style is moulded by peoples creative power: The concept of the creative self means that the individual is responsible for himself, not blaming others or uncontrollable forces for his situation. The creative self interprets inferiority, creates the final goal and aligns life style and private logic. It can be flexible to whats going on around us, initiating and maintaining change. As Adler says, we are the masters of our own personalities and destinies-creators rather than passive reactors (NCHC 2012) Adler believed that we create patterns of behaviour, safeguarding tendencies, to protect our exaggerated sense of self-esteem against public disgrace. They enable us to hide an inflated self-image and maintain our life style, e.g. excuses, aggression and withdrawal. Freud called them ego defence mechanisms (EDMs). Both men agreed that they protect against anxiety, however, Freuds theory is that they are unconscious, protecting the ego from anxiety, whereas Adlers theory suggests they are largely conscious and protect our fragile self-esteem from public disgrace Family Constellations: as well as attributing parents and other adults as early influences on a child, Adler also include siblings as early influences as well. (Boeree 2006). He believed pampering and neglect were principal factors predisposing an inferiority complex and that a persons perceived role within a family was more important than the birth order itself. The only child is more likely to be pampered, denying opportunity to develop courage and self reliance. If the parents are abusive or neglectful the only child has to endure it alone, suffering a childhood full of humiliation and insecurity. The first child starts out as an only child, with lots of attention, but this all changes when a second child arrives. At first, he tries to regain his only child status by acting like the baby, but is quickly told to grow up, and so rebels, misbehaves and withdraws. According to Adler the first child is more likely to become a problem child who is solitary and more conservative than others in the family. The second child has the first child as a pace-setter and tends to compete with him. They often succeed, but often feel as if the race is never over, never quite getting there. Middle children behave in a similar way. The youngest child is often the most pampered, the baby of the family and is often treated as such. They are the second most likely problem child. Inferiority to anyone older and bigger than them themselves is common; however, they also have the advantage of older siblings to learn from, and can be driven to do better than them. Conditions such as illness or disability can be an over-riding factor, with the sickly child taking the youngest child position regardless of actual position. A major contribution of birth order research is that it has helped psychologists understand why brothers and sisters within the same family are no more similar in personality than are those from different families. According to Sulloway (1997), the family is not a single shared environment but a place of differing areas that provide siblings with different outlooks on life. The personalities of siblings differ because they adopt different strategies to achieve parental approval. Freuds Oedipal theory explains how he saw social development. He believed the childs behaviour is driven by an innate sexual and aggressive drive, completely ignoring the paternal behaviour that Adler believed shaped behaviour and development. It occurs during the phallic stage (around five years) of Freuds psycho-sexual theory of personality. The five year-old child feels hostile/incestuous towards the parent, feelings which cant be realised so instead they are repressed. Males repress their feelings for their mother fearing castration by their fathers, hiding their feelings in the unconscious, to enable them gain their fathers favour by becoming like him. The five year-old girl believes she has been castrated and blames her mother. The Oedipus Complex for her (sometimes called Electra Complex) is a desire for the father and fear/hatred of the mother, leading to repression of such feelings. Freud proposed that sex and aggression drives motivated behaviour whereas Adler believed that a sense of inferiority and a lifetime of compensation was the motivating factor. He believed in only one driving force behind our behaviour, the striving for perfection, that leads us closer to how we want to be. He believed that as adults we have the capacity to change and grow, allowing us to change what we dont like, whereas Freud suggested these were fixed in childhood. Adler looked at individuals in their individual social situation, looking at influences such as parenting styles, families and birth order, and how they compensated to overcome inferiorities. He believed that we become stable and useful human beings by success in the three life tasks of love, work and social interaction, of which we are in control. Neo-Freudians including Adler, Jung, and Erikson, known as Neo-Freudians because of their early associations with Freudian theory but later developing their own spin on things, also put emphasis on social relationships. Both individual psychology and humanistic psychology hold that the individual is the best influence of their needs, desires, interests, and growth within society.

Family, Friends and Fame: Handel’s Roots and First Influences Essay

A composer’s influence doesn’t end within the pages of his composition. It stretches on, to musicians and other famous composers. Georg Frideric Handel is one famous example. Being a primary influence to many of the most famous composers of all time, such as Beethoven and Mozart, Handel has been one of the most acclaimed men in the history of music. The entire English nation, owes him a debt of gratitude because of the masterly way in how he encouraged and command them to assimilate and accept the beauty of the music he created. Even a master such as Handel, though, has simple and humble origins. He encountered obstacles and experiences during his early years that nearly cost him and prevented him from creating the masterpieces he gave the world. Most of these came during his early years of being a musician, and stemmed from close relationships. Handel Family Origins Handel’s roots originally belonged to Breslau, a city in southwestern Poland, found near the Oder river. For several generations, their family has been coppersmiths. Valentine Handel, the grandfather of the composer, was born in 1582, and in his later years migrated to Halle. Two sons of his followed in the coppersmith trade, but his third son, Georg, became a barber-surgeon instead. Georg married a woman who was the widow of the barber who acted as his mentor. She was 12 years older than he. After the death of his wife, he married his second wife, named Dorothea Taust, the daughter of a clergyman. From this marriage, sprung four children, one of them destined to become famous for his compositions. Birth and Family Ties On the 23rd of February 1685, Dorothea gave birth to George Frideric Handel, in the Duchy of Magdeburg, found at the Upper Saxony. Halle, the place where he was born, was not a very attractive place. â€Å"Travellers unanimously complained of its dusky impression, its sooty buildings, and its crooked narrow, ill-paved streets. † Nevertheless, Halle was home for the Handels, and this was where George Frideric spent his childhood. Handel had a half-brother and half-sister when he was born, Karl and Sophie Rosine, respectively, and both were already older than him. Despite having different mothers, Handel maintained a good relationship with his half-siblings. Karl Handel even played an interesting role in a crucial musical incident involving his younger half brother and his love for music. Relationship With His Parents Even at a young age, George Frideric already had great love for music. When he was still a baby, the toys found in his nursery were those that produce musical sounds, including flutes, drums, and trumpets. The first few years, it was amusing, but as he developed, it seemed to become more serious. Handel had intimate, but very different ties with his father and mother. While one urged him to pursue his dream of being a musician, the other greatly opposed it. Georg, the composer’s father, wanted his child to obtain a proper occupation, and pursue law. He had big ambitions for his boy. When he observed the child’s strong propensity for music, he greatly forbade and opposed it, commanding him to stay away from anything that might steer him towards that profession. He did not understood art, and does not understand the noble part artists play in the world, only seeing them as men of amusement, entertaining the world during idle moments. â€Å" ‘Music,’ said he, ‘was an elegant art and a fine amusement; yet if considered as an occupation, it had little dignity, as having for its subject nothing better than mere pleasure and entertainment. ‘† He forbade the child to attend the public schools, fearing that he would be drawn nearer to his musical dreams. The child was also forbidden to visit places where he can hear music. The musical instruments found in the house were also banished. Despite his father’s harshness towards the dream he loved so much, the child persisted. He knew music was his calling, and even if he knew he was going against his father’s wishes and putting himself in danger of being caught, he found ways. He would manage to lay hands on a dumb spinet or a clavicord, hiding it in a garret. Usually, these were given to him by his mother or godmother, a woman named Anna. At night, when the whole house is asleep, he would sneak out and tinker and play with the instrument. These hidden, stolen moments allowed the young man proper concentration, leading to better understanding of music, and therefore, paving way to greatness. Dorothea, Handel’s mother, was filled with love and ambition for her child. While her husband opposed the â€Å"low dignified† profession, she silently encouraged him to pursue it. Even when he died, Dorothea and her son’s relationship were as warm and devoted to each other, drawing strength from faith. Along with her, Handel’s two sisters also showered him with love and affection. This influence is perhaps the reason why the composer worked with women as singers, and became knowledgeable in the ways of women. â€Å"Sometimes a mixed blessing, he seemed to have thought, but an opportunity and professional relationship most men did not have in that time. † The Incident at the Duke’s Palace Another interesting incident in Handel’s childhood also played a crucial factor in his ambition to be a man of music. When his father was to visit Karl, the son from his former marriage, the seven year old George pleaded to be taken with him, even following the coach on foot when his father refused to take him with it. Eventually, the father agreed. When they arrived at the Duke of Saxe-Weisenfields’ Palace, where the son was a valet-de-chambre, the child wandered off, and started tinkering with the church organ, unable to resist it. The Duke heard the music, asked questions, and the child was brought to him. He asked the boy to play. The royalty recognized the child’s talent and addressed his father telling him that â€Å"it was a sort of crime against humanity to stifle so much genius in its birth†. The father conceded, and swore to respect the vocation. Handel was grateful to the Duke for his good advice to his father. In his later years, he even regarded the Duke as his benefactor. When they returned to Halle, his father allowed the child to be taught by Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, the Liebfrauenkirche’s organist and also permitted him to continue his school work. For the next five years, Handel acted as an assistant for Zachow, and finally got his first formal training in the field of music. Following His Father’s Wish Handel’s father ruled him with an iron grip, and even if he allowed the child to practice his ambition of being a musician, he still wished for him to continue a career in law. On February 11, 1967, the composer’s father died in his sleep, perhaps of old age. He left behind his widow, two daughters and son, who was then barely 12 years old. Handel became them the man of the household, and was forced into an adult world at a tender age. Five years after his father’s death, February 1702, he entered the University of Halle, as a student of law or â€Å"Studiosus Juris†. This career choice, however, was not meant to last long. In July 1703, the eighteen year old Handel moved to Hamburg, where he took a job in the theater as a â€Å"violon di ripieno†. Without his father keeping an eye on him, he was able to leave his home and his family, and become a musician. Friendship with Georg Philipp Telemann Handel was not the only musician who was imprisoned in his deceased father’s dreams of studying law. Another young man by the name of Georg Philipp Telemann was also in the same plight, unsure of his plans of studying law. His mother was insisting that he give up his dreams of music, in respect to his deceased father’s dreams for him. Telemann was born at Magdeburg in 1681, and was four years older than Handel. When they met, he was reluctantly traveling to the University of Leipzig to pursue law. Telemann says that while with Handel, he â€Å"imbibed so much of the ‘strong poison’ of music as to nearly overset all his resolutions†. Handel’s enthusiasm for the profession influenced the other man so much, that he became tempted to go against what her mother wanted. However, Telemann’s mother’s wishes prevailed. Fortunately for him, a friend discovered one of his psalms and presented it to a burgomaster, who declared it a fine harmony and inquired about the composer. He was employed to compose something for the church, and was given compensation. When he sent word to his mother (who was then supporting his finances) about this, he was able to prove to her that the profession she had been unfavorable to, yields good results and steady income after all. She finally gave him her blessing to pursue his dream. Handel and Telemann then renewed their friendship, corresponding regularly and meeting often with each other. One composer’s influence upon another is always extraordinary, as seen in Handel and Telemann. Like, their music, their friendship lasted a lifetime. They exchanged advice and encouragement, giving one another the much needed push to pursue the profession they both love. Meeting Johann Mattheson When Handel moved to Hamburg in 1703, one of the first people he made friends with was Johann Mattheson, a composer, theorist and singer. Despite Mattheson’s young age, he had also become one of the most influential men in Hamburg. Like Telemann, he was four years older than Handel. Mattheson was gifted, but vain. Nevertheless, Handel was eternally grateful to Mattheson, because the latter introduced him to the musical life in the new place he was in. Mattheson recounts that the first time he met Handel, the young man was â€Å"strong at the organ, stronger than Kuhnau in fugue and counterpoint, especially es tempore, but he knew very little about melody†. Mattheson helped Handel pursue his dreams, even introducing him to the English ambassador Sir Cyril Wyche. Their family music was assiduously cultivated, and here, Handel was able to get engagements and students. They worked at the opera together, and also went to social excursions and musicals, despite numerous controversies that surrounded their friendship. They also traveled to Lubeck together, to contest each other for the post of the organist at the Marienkirche, to succeed Dietrich Buxtenhude, who was about to retire. They both withdrew, though, upon learning that Buxtenhude wanted the successor to marry his daughter. During the time they spent together, the two became very good friends and inseparable companions. All good friends have their disagreements, and so did these two fervent individuals. Their personalities, fueled by the same music, can be very different at times, and often became the result of conflict. In the marketplace, in front of a large crowd, they fought with swords after a quarrel while conducting â€Å"Cleopatra†, Mattheson’s opera. The fight ended when a metal button on Handel’s coat broke Mattheson’s sword. Perhaps, they both realized the stupidity of their actions. Hence, the two musicians resolved the issue, buried the hatchet, and emerged better friends than ever. During his stay in Hamburg, Handel was able to produce a cantata on the Passion, four operas and several minor compositions. These, and the exposure and experience from this place would not have been possible, if not for the guidance and help of his good friend and colleague Johann Mattheson. Concluding A Life Of Music George Frideric Handel died on April 14, 1759, peacefully in his sleep. He left behind a life’s worth of compositions, the most acclaimed and famous one being the â€Å"Messiah†. If a study on his operas and dramatic works was made, people will discover a Handel that’s very unknown: a composer with an unparalleled sense for dramatic human character. Perhaps, majority of it came from a life of experiences, but a tremendous part of it came from the people closest to him. His family origins and closest friends influenced him, in such a way that he emerged as one of the most famous and celebrated composers in the world. References Bray, Anna Eliza. (1857). Handel: His Life, Personal and Professional. Harvard University. Dent, Edward Joseph. (2007). Handel. BiblioBazaar, LLC. Harris, Ellen T. (2001). Handel As Orpheus: Voice And Desire In The Chamber Cantatas. Harvard University Press. Hogwood, Christopher. (2005). Handel: Water Music and Music for The Royal Fireworks. Cambridge University Press. Lang, Paul Henry. (1996). George Frideric Handel. Courier Dove Publications. Sadie, Stanley & Hicks, Anthony. (1987). Handel: Tercentenary Collection. Boydell and Brewer. Schoelcher, Victor. (1857). The Life of Handel. Oxford University. Streatfield, R. A. (2005). Handel. Kessinger Publishing. Van Til, Marian. (2007). George Frideric Handel: A Music Lover’s Guide to His Life, His Faith and the Development of Messiah and His Other Oratorios. WordPower Publishing. Vaughan, Robert, & Allon, Henry. (1862). The British Quarterly Review. Hodder and Stoughton. Williams, Charles Francis Abdy. (2008). Handel. BiblioBazaar, LLC.

Australian Consumer Law Essay

It also provides safety and information standarts, establishes liabilities of manufactures and products. The law is continuously developing in order to protect customers against unfair practices of manufactures. In the past the remedies for dissatisfied customers were stated only in the common law, which was unable to provide sufficient protection. However, on 1 January, 2011 The Australian Consumer Law commenced , which was a big movement towards the provision of adequate protection of customers. It is elaborate law and it is applicable nationally, in all states and territories and also to Australian businesses. The Australia Consumer Law now includes: * a new, national unfair contract terms law covering standard form contracts; * a new, national law guaranteeing consumer rights when buying goods and services, which replaces existing laws on conditions and warranties; * a new, national product safety law and enforcement system; * a new, national law for unsolicited consumer agreements, which replaces existing State and Territory laws on door-to-door sales and other direct marketing; * simple national rules for lay-by agreements; and new penalties, enforcement powers and consumer redress options, which currently apply nationally. www. consumerlaw. gov. au) A contract is an agreement which is made between two or more parties and it must be enforced legally. A contruct is concluded when an offer is made by one party to another one and the other party accepts it. There is no particular definition for a ‘standard form contract’, however, standard form contract is usually made by one party and is not the subject of discussion between two parties. They are normally used for supply of goods and services to consumers in various industries. The contract is considered to be unfair if its terms are treated as if they have never existed. Under the Competition and Consumer Act(2010), a ‘consumer contract’ is a contract for: >the supply of goods or services or > the sale or grant of an interest in land to an individual who acquires it wholly or predominantly for personal, domestic or household use or consumption. Under Sch 2, s. 24(1) of the Act and s. 12BG of the ASIC Act, states that a term of a consumer contract is unfair if it: >would cause a significant imbalance in the parties’ rights and obligations arising under the contract and gt; is not reasonably necessary to protect the legitimate interests of the party who would be advantaged by the term and >would cause detriment (whether financial or otherwise) to a party if it were to be applied or relied on. All three limbs of the unfairness test must be proven, on the balance of probabilities, to exist for a court to decide that a term is unfair. The unfair contract terms laws for consumer goods and services are enforced by both Common wealth and state and territory consumer protection agencies. The courts determine whether the term of a contract is unfair and make decisions about the redress of loss or damage suffered by consumers. Sometimes tribunals can perform the same functions. In division 1 of Part 3-2 of the Australian Consumer Law can be found the rights of the consumer to guarantees, which are provided by manufactures and supplies about their goods and services. All goods must be of an acceptable quality which means that they are fit for a particular purpose for which they are supposed to be used, their appearance is good, they are without any defects and also safe and durable. The suppliers must fix the problems in goods if they do not meet a consumer guarantee even in case when there is no extended warranty or if the warranty has expired. Suppliers are also responsible for all promises made to consumers. â€Å"Express warranties† are often given by suppliers or manufactures, which means that they make additional promises about quality, characteristics, state and condition of their goods. For example, a supplier may tell the customer that the chair will last for 5 years, and that will mean that he/she guarantees that this good will satisfy this warranty. If this chair fails to meet consumers guarantee, then the consumer will have the right for a remedy. There exists another warranty which is called â€Å"warranty against defects†, which means that suppliers and manufactures guarantee that any defects in the product they provide will not appear during a particular period of time, otherwise they will be responsible for either its repair or replacement. A warranty against defects must be done in a written form. Also consumers can get any compensation, which will cover their loss. The explanation and codification of a more exact guarantee of â€Å"acceptable quality† as well as the provision of remedies for consumers are two of the most important changes that were introduced into the Australian Consumer Law and they make consumers guarantees more clear. As it was mentioned before, the Australian Law is moving to over protect consumers but until 1974 it was very difficult for a consumer to have remedy against anyone but the immediate supplier of defective goods. There was no remedy available to the consumer against third parties under contract law because no contractual relationship existed between them and the consumer (Gibson, Fraser, 2011). However, nowadays if consumer suffered any damage because of defective goods, the manufactures are strictly liable. If the manufacturer or the supplier fails to fulfill the guarantees as laid in the law then there can be civil penalties to the tune of $50,000 for the company and $10,000 in case of individual (Clark, 2011). The consumer may elect to sue either their immediate supplier or the manufacturer directly (Gibson, Fraser, 2011). The remedies which consumers can be provided by law can be found in Part 4-5 of the Australian Consumer Law where the remedy is dependent on the gravity of a breach. The manufacturer of defective goods that cause personal injury or damage may be liable to compensate an individual who is injured (section 138), an injured third party, such as bystander (section 139), a person for damage to personal, domestic or household goods( section 140) and a person for damage to land, buildings or fixtures( section 141) (Gibson, Fraser, 2011). There is a section 18 in the Australian Consumer Law, which prohibits conduct by a corporation that is misleading or deceptive. The law can be broken if the company affects consumers thoughts and prevents him/her from making reasonable decisions by providing untruthful information about the price, quality or value of goods and services in advertisement, statement, quotation, representation or promotion of the company. In this case the conduct of the business will be considered misleading and deceptive even if it was unintentional. For example, if a real estate agent wants to sell the property and tells the potential customer that his/her flat will be overlooking the park with a school nearby but in reality there is neither park, nor school. Consumer who suffered loss because of breach of section 18 can bring a civil action. Section 18 is a catch-all provision and does not require the conduct be deliberate, so there are no criminal penalties (Gibson, Fraser, 2011). There is also a number of other ‘unfair practices’ that are prohibited by the Australian Consumer Law such as offering gifts or prizes (section 32), misleading conduct as to the nature or manufacturing process of goods (section 33), misleading conduct regarding services (section 34), bait advertising (section 35), referral selling (section 49), accepting payment without intending to supply (section 36), coercion or harassment at place of residence (section 50), pyramid selling (sections 44-46), unsolicited credit cards (section 39), unsolicited goods and services (sections 40-41). These sections carry criminal penalties and civil remedies, therefore it must be established that the conduct was deliberate. The Australian Consumer Law introduces a national law on product safety. All goods have prescribed standard and it is prohibited to supply goods if they do not comply with this standard. The standards of product safety are related to such things as products performance, design, contents, its testing during and after manufacture process and also to the presence of necessary warnings and instructions, which help consumers to avoid risk of being injured. In the sections 195-204 offences related to supply of products that do not comply with a prescribed standard. Fines may be up to $1,1 million for a corporation and $220,000 for an individual, or civil pecuniary penalties up to similiar maximums. The Australian Consumer Law is improving and a number of changes were made related to the rights and remedies of consumers in order to provide them better protection. One of the reasons for the extension of consumer protection provisions is probably the aim to motivate companies to act fairly in their business. !!? But for this law to work it is also necessary that consumers are aware of their rights and that will prevent them from being misleaded by suppliers. References Australian Consumer Law, Commonwealth of Australia, 2010, viewed on 23d August, 2012. http://www. consumerlaw. gov. au/content/Content. aspx? doc=the_acl. htm Clarke J. 2011, Australian contract and Consumer Law, viewed on 23d August, 2012. http://www. australiancontractlaw. com Gibson A. , Fraser D. , Business Law, Pearson Australia, 2011, pp. 549-633.

History of the Answering Machine Essays

History of the Answering Machine Essays History of the Answering Machine Paper History of the Answering Machine Paper be cause ATT did little, if anything at all, to encourage them CA Second Try, 2006). So some organizations began to run their own private telephone or telegraph systems. For example, in 1 926, the Columbia Company, which manufactured dedication office equipment, announced its Telecoms, an electric telephone r accorder. (Telephone Recording Finds, 2006). ATT started to evaluate these devices and received request from customers to use them. However, they decided not to allow ordinary consumers to install t machines on its public network. However, demand for telephone answering machine use grew and in 1 930, ATT modified its rules. They allowed the use of the Tell cord in conjunction with a Private Branch Exchange a small switchboard installed in office buildings. Yet the answering machine use was restricted, expensive, and unpin popular with users (Telephone Recording Finds, 2006). Despite problems in the US. , in 1 935, Wily Mueller invented the first complete automatic answering machine. It stood three foot tall and therefore didnt pro did much practicality. However, it did prove very popular amongst Orthodox Jews would couldnt take calls on the Sabbath (Verna, 2012). Europe however was moving much more rapidly in the industry. In 1 936, a SW company introduced a commercially successful answering machine called the Siphon. The Siphon recorded sound magnetically on steel tape. However, it was not a machine for the individual or home it was much too expensive. When users of the Sop hon. wanted to retrieve their messages, they dialed the machine to the central off CE and retrieved their calls using a crude form of voice recognition. Owing to its high price, the Siphon managed to only survive for a short while, but led to more refined IM provisions 8 (Verna, 2012). Back in the United States, the first commercial answering machine was launch De in the year 1949. It was known as the Talented and recorded incoming mess ages and played them back on a magnetic wire. It was priced at about $200 and WA s unable to capture the market due to its high price (Verna, 2012). Due to inventions like the Talented, AT started looking for alternatives. They developed a technology in 1 936 that allowed customers to forward calls to a whiteboard where live operators could take calls and write down messages. I interesting enough, AT had been developing sound recording technology since the 192 Cos. They just didnt like the technology because if the public could record calls easily, the e sense of privacy in communication would be lost, and business would decline (AT Its Response, 2006). In 1 958, ITT introduced its Codename business answering machine, and in 1961 offered a lowing price for small business and individuals. It sold very we II in the U. S. To independent telephone companies, which covered a lot of customers ( Non ATT, 2006). The year 1960 was a significant turn of events with the invention of the first commercially successful answering machine known as the Seafood. Invented by DRP. Kazoo Hashishs, it was very compact and sophisticated (Verna, 2012). In 1 962, Robotics Inc. Of New York introduced the Robinsons Secretary, another inexpensive databases answering machine. In 1 963, they introduced the Recording which featured remote message retrieval (Non ATT, 2006). 9 Back in Europe at this time (the mid sasss), developments were moving more slowly and the size of the U. S. Answering machine market was bigger than Euro peps (Non ATT, 2006). By the 1 asss, inexpensive and imported telephones became popular and ma were installed in American homes. At about the same time telephones were b common cheap, so were answering machines and they were becoming more convenience NT to use due to the appearance of inexpensive microelectronics. Answering machines cost only from about $1 25600. The low costing answering machines became more CEO inimical to buy than to rent and sales of them began to grow and reached 400,000 in 1 978 (Answering Machines in, 2006) An example of such an inexpensive answering machine was the Phonated which was introduced in 1 971. It was specifically designed to meet the needs home and weighed only ten pounds and held up to 20 messages on tape (Ever mar 2012). The sasss brought the emergence of the cell phone and their built Voice feature, which in turn, brought the decline of the answering machine. On top of that, many telephone providers offered inexpensive and centralized biochemical as a standard feature in home telephone lines (Verna, 2012). Since the sasss, the number of households with answering machines has declined about 50% in the U. S. (The Triumph of the, 2006).

Jeffery Dahmer Essays - Gay Men, Human Trophy Collecting

Jeffery Dahmer Essays - Gay Men, Human Trophy Collecting Jeffery Dahmer Childhood When I was a little kid I was just like anybody else. Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer came into the world at 4.34pm on the 21st of May at the Evangelical Deaconess Hospital in Milwaukee 1960. Little did his parents know at the time of his birth that there son would become one of America's most famous serial killers not only for the amount of victims which he had killed but also for dismembering them and his necrophilic tendencies. Jeffrey's childhood started like any other he had two parents who loved and adored there son dearly giving him what ever his heart desired. Joyce Dahmer started a scrap book on her son recording events that happened in his life, his first step, his first accident, his first tooth, his first haircut and even his first scolding. While Jeffrey was still very young his father worked long hours in his laboratory and his mother worked as a teletype machine instructor. But the carrying of Jeffrey had been hard on Joyce Dahmer and every little thing seemed to annoy her. So Lionel being the the husband that he was and wanting the best for his wife they moved to his mothers house in West Allis, but the crack's in the marriage started to show early. There were constant fights between Joyce and Lionel Dahmer and Jeffrey took each of these fights to heart. Little did they realise that there constant fighting would be the one of the reasons for Jeffrey's downfall. I decided I wasn't ever going to get married because I never wanted to go through anything like that A short time before Jeffrey's fourth birthday, Jeffrey was diagnosed with a double hernia that needed to be operated on. This operation left Jeffrey feeling open and exposed nobody explained to Dahmer what was going on. He felt scared by the operation, complete strangers coming up to him and exploring his body. This experience is said to have marked his subconscious forever. But like every little boy of Jeffrey's age he was just like anybody else climbing apple trees, riding his bike and p laying in coal dust and coming home dirty. Though he was painfully shy while growing up he over came this in time. By the time Jeffrey turned six his mother gave birth to a second son who she called David. Though this did not have a dramatic effect on Dahmer's life he stayed pretty much neutral to his brothers existence and they never became close. By the time of his second son's birth Lionel Dahmer and his family moved into there own house at 4480 West Bath Road, surrounded by open forest where Jeffrey could lose himself in a world of make believe. As Jeffrey grew towards puberty, his sinking isolation and shyness was confirmed once again. An early sexual experiment with a another boy proved to be disappointing and joyless. Jeffery should have come to a time in his life where he wanted to experience the joys of life and the companionship of friends, but Jeffrey withdrew into himself and kept his life somewhat of a secret. Jeffrey's Dahmer's life conditioned him for the hard struggl e that lay ahead, little did he know that in just over 16 years he would become one of America's most famous serial killers having murdered 17 people, dismembering them and sleeping with there corpses and keeping parts of his victims for trophy's. This is the grand finale of a life poorly spent and the end result is just overwhelmingly depressing..... a sick pathetic, miserable life story, that's all it is The Baptism of Jeffrey Dahmer (Reprinted from the Christian Woman May/April 1995) by Roy Ratcliff Convicted serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer was beaten and killed Nov. 28, 1994, by a fellow inmate at the Colombia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wis. The attack occurred while Dahmer and another inmate were cleansing a bathroom in the prison gymnasium. The minister who baptized Dahmer shares his story and tells about a courageous woman who thought Dahmer was worth saving. I first heard about Jeffrey Dahmer's desire for baptism through Roy McRay, a preacher in Milwaukee. He had rece ived a phone call from Curtis Booth of Crescent, Okla.,

Information system of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Essay

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Diversity of Approaches Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diversity of Approaches - Assignment Example Most of the final products as the final works of various developers might require integration at some point of which could prove challenging. This is acceptable especially where no common ground rules have been designed to monitor and control most of the upcoming software. Technology developers, relying on hardware and software, are constantly releasing upgrades or superior hardware with improved features. For the cases where software is used to develop other applications or as a base development platform then the developer has to adjust to fit into the changes. Take the Android development platform, for instance, the entry is in constant advancement to more stable forms after some turn out to be flawed. Modeling also changes especially where fixes were developed to correct bugs or another form of loopholes. Cloud hardware is a perfect example of the growing technology where virtualized resources are run by software. The changes emerging changes must be met by the developer to run on the intended hardware. This implies that if this is not checked through the correct modeling it will be expensive to make corrections and thus the advocating for the diversity (Nunes & Cunha, 2010). A human resource firm has different needs to those requested by a telephone or internet service providing company. The diversification is also critical to ensure that the implemented model features all the required entities and emphasis is held on the development time and resources used especially for large applications. One organization would probably require the whole program sufficient to run a different business as part of their masterpiece. Incorporating both of these requires skills and extensive skills in project modeling during the software development lifecycle. The number of systems as a form of diversification does not pass the test as it is entirely covered in the different organizations has different needs, option above,

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Minerals and Energy Resources Essay Example for Free

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